What Is Neuropathy?

Neuropathy, also known as peripheral neuropathy, is a condition that occurs when the peripheral nerves — those outside the brain and spinal cord — are damaged. These nerves control sensation, movement, and function in the arms, hands, legs, and feet. When they become damaged, it can lead to pain, weakness, numbness, and other symptoms that can significantly impact your quality of life. Neuropathy can result from a variety of causes, including diabetes, injuries, infections, autoimmune diseases, and certain medications.

Common Symptoms of Neuropathy

Symptoms can vary depending on the type and location of the affected nerves, but often include:

• Numbness or tingling in the hands or feet

• Burning or sharp, stabbing pain

• Sensitivity to touch

• Muscle weakness or cramping

• Loss of coordination or balance

• Difficulty walking or using your hands

• Feeling like you’re wearing gloves or socks when you’re not

These symptoms can develop gradually and may worsen over time if left untreated.

Causes of Neuropathy

Some of the most common causes of peripheral neuropathy include:

• Diabetes (Diabetic Neuropathy)

• Alcohol abuse

• Vitamin deficiencies (especially B vitamins)

• Autoimmune diseases (e.g., lupus, rheumatoid arthritis)

• Infections (e.g., shingles, Lyme disease)

• Injuries or trauma

• Toxins or chemotherapy

• Herniated discs or spinal nerve compression

Identifying the underlying cause is a critical step in effective treatment.